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Loomotion

Locomotion

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As we all know by now and should know by now, there are many features of the cheetah that make them the animal that they are. Features that are different from any other animal, and so in this section, we'll dig deeper to find out how their body shape and structure contribute to their lightning-quick speed. A research article titled "High-Speed Galloping in the Cheetah and Racing Greyhound" by Penny E. Hudson stated that "the fastest recorded speed of a cheetah is 29ms–1 as an average over a 200m course." If Greyhound’s body shape is very similar to the body shape of a cheetah, why aren't they as fast as cheetahs? 

One of the reasons why cheetahs are faster than greyhounds is because cheetahs exhibit numerous unique features. One of which was the pelvis, which was lengthy and slim, primarily due to enlarged ischium when compared to a greyhound. Another feature of cheetahs is that they have more differing talar ridges at the tarsus and lengthened calcaneus. 

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Skeletal morphology:

A. The cheetah

B. The greyhound

Both: the lateral aspect of the pelvis, with the black arrows illustrating the elongated ischium within the cheetah

C. The cheetah

D. The greyhound

Both: The dorsal aspect of the hindfeet with the black line illustrating the increased angle of divergence of the talar ridges (which articulate with the tibia) within the cheetah. 

Another requirement of high-speed locomotion is that the ability to swing the limb rapidly and reposition it for the following stride. This can be smitten by several factors: the limb's inertia, the inner architecture of the muscles (elongated fibred muscle contain numerous sarcomeres in line permitting it to contract at a soaring pace), and also the muscle moment arm (helps make a bigger difference in the joint rotation). Cheetahs manage to display these several unique skeletal adaptations that, for the most part, functions to grow muscle moment arms when differentiating to the greyhound. The cheetah also obtains varying talar ridges which is considered an adaptation that can aid in preventing limp interference (Hudson, P.E., Corr, S.A., Payne-Davis, R.C., Clancy, S.N., Lane, and Wilson. 2011). The cheetah’s hindlimb bone is notably lengthier than that of a greyhound which allows it to obtain a longer stride.  Although greyhounds have similar body shapes as the cheetahs, these small differences such as the skeleton of the pelvic show great insights into how cheetahs have evolved and adapted in their environment which ultimately was the key factor that led the cheetahs to become the fastest animal on the planet earth. 

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